Asbestos is the most common cause of mesothelioma. Up to nine out of ten cases of mesothelioma are caused by exposure to asbestos. Asbestos is a natural mineral, mined from rock found in many countries. It is made up of tiny fibres that are as strong as steel but can be woven like cotton and are highly resistant to heat and chemicals.
During the 1960s the first definite link between mesothelioma and asbestos was made. In the past asbestos was imported to the UK in large quantities. It was used in construction, ship-building and in household appliances. Asbestos was very widely used in insulation materials, such as amosite insulation board, and building materials, including asbestos cement.
When asbestos is disturbed or damaged, it releases tiny fibres that can be breathed into the lungs. Asbestos fibres are very fine and, when breathed in, they can make their way into the smallest airways of the lung, so they cannot be breathed or coughed out. Once the fibres are in the lungs, the body's defense mechanism tries to break them down and remove them, which leads to inflammation in the lung tissue.
The asbestos fibres can also penetrate through the lung tissue to settle in the pleura (the membrane around the lung). Over many years they can cause mesothelioma or other lung diseases to develop.
Asbestos fibres can also be swallowed, and some of the fibres can stick in the digestive system. They can then move into the membrane that lines the abdomen (the peritoneum), where they cause inflammation.
The people most likely to have been exposed to asbestos include:

• construction workers
• plumbers
• electricians
• boilermakers
• shipbuilders
• demolition workers
• people who worked in other places where asbestos was present and
• people who lived near to asbestos factories.

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Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare form of a rare type of cancer. Mesothelioma is a cancer that's caused from exposure to asbestos. Less than three thousand people are diagnosed with this type of cancer in the US each year. Of those, between ten and twenty percent have peritoneal mesothelioma.

Peritoneal mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that grows in the peritoneum, which is a layer of tissue that essentially covers the abdominal area. Other types of mesothelioma form in the tissue that surrounds the organs like the heart and lungs.

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